How is marketing defined in Exploring Business?

How is marketing defined in Exploring Business? What is marketing research? In terms of marketing research what is data mining? What are AIO statements? How do AIO statements pertain to psychographic segmentation? What is consumer behavior? What is Xerox and what has Xerox literally come to mean? What is a test market? What is brand loyalty and can you give an example of it? Are you or any of your family members (younger or older) loyal to a particular brand such as Ford or Chevy cars? What is point-of-purchase advertising? Which medium would or do you use to advertise your product(s) or service(s)? Thought/research question—you are familiar with public relations or PR, so what is a spin doctor? What do Kanbanand JIT have in common?