Explain, in your own words, what are “chains”, “forks” and “colliders” and why these are important for understanding causal inference

Explain, in your own words, what are “chains”, “forks” and “colliders” and why these are important for understanding causal inference

Please read chapter 3 of The Book of Why. Explain, in your own words, what are “chains”, “forks” and “colliders” and why these are important for understanding causal inference. Finally, come up with a real life example of how Bayesian reasoning can be applied to a problem in your area of graduate study.