How do internal controls such as separation of duties, redundancy, and centralized processes discourage employees from committing fraudulent acts?

The High Cost of Theft and Fraud” and answer the following questions.

1. How do internal controls such as separation of duties, redundancy, and centralized processes discourage employees from committing fraudulent acts?
2. Why are some small businesses more susceptible to employee fraud and theft? Explain.
3. Given that the ACFE “2010 Global Fraud Study” reported that employee tips were the most common way that fraudulent acts are discovered, how can an organization encourage honest employees to report fraudulent behavior committed by co-workers, supervisors, clients, or vendors?
4. How important is it for an organization to have a code of conduct that defines fraudulent behavior, and what happens to those individuals who commit such acts?