Identify and describe the three possible alternatives for applying the Fourth Amendment to “stop and frisk” situations.

Also, identify which alternative the U.S. Supreme Court adopted and explain why. 2. Summarize the differences among the following doctrines: Fundamental Fairness, Total Incorporation, and Selective Incorporation doctrines as they influence state criminal procedures. 3. Discuss the main reasons false confessions occur and the key reforms aimed at reducing them. 4. Discuss the importance of live pre-lineup instructions in identification procedures for line-ups. Explain the differences and issues that exist between “show-up” identification procedures and live line-up procedures. 5. Briefly describe the major historical developments of “due process” from the passage of the U.S. Constitution to the present.