What does shorter specifically point to as proof that women had become more liberated what type of evidence does he use?

For this assignment, focus on: what does shorter specifically point to as proof that women had become more liberated what type of evidence does he use? How objective is it? how do Tilly, Scott and Cohen dismantle Shorter’s argument? What evidence do they use? How objective is it? What alternatives do they offer for the rise in illegitimacy? Do the dates of publication, or the gender of the authors, in any way influence their conclusions? Is there any modern relevance to this debate?